I.
ANTECEDENTES EN EL DERECHO INTERNACIONAL
1. Proyecto de Declaración de
las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de las Poblaciones Indígenas (ONU
1994)
Artículo 44: "Nada de lo señalado en la presente Declaración se
interpretará en el sentido de que limite o anule los derechos que los
pueblos indígenas tienen en la actualidad o puedan adquirir en el
futuro”.
2. Convenio 169, sobre Pueblos
Indígenas y Tribales. Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT). 1989
Artículo 35: "La aplicación de las disposiciones del presente
Convenio no deberá menoscabar los derechos y las ventajas garantizados a
los pueblos interesados en virtud de otros convenios y recomendaciones,
instrumentos internacionales, tratados, o leyes, laudos, costumbres o
acuerdos nacionales”.
II.
ANTECEDENTES EN EL DERECHO NACIONAL
3.
Canadá
- Royal Commission on Aboriginal
Peoples, 2.2.6
“The Commission recommends that the federal government establish a process
for making new treaties to replace the existing comprehensive claims policy,
based on the following principles:
(a) The blanket extinguishment of
Aboriginal land rights is not an option.”
Vol. 2 Ch. 4 s. 5
“The Commission cannot support
the extinguishment of Aboriginal rights, either blanket or partial. It seems
to us completely incompatible with the relationship between Aboriginal
peoples and the land. This relationship is fundamental to the Aboriginal
world view and sense of identity; to abdicate the responsibilities
associated with it would have deep spiritual and cultural implications.”
- Anishnaabe Government Agreement
in Principle, 5.5.9.1
“It is of fundamental importance
to maintain the amount and integrity of First Nation land, and Canada agrees
that, as a general principle, First Nation land shall not be
expropriated.”
5.5.10.1
“In the event of the
expropriation of First Nation land, Canada shall provide compensation to the
First Nation.”
5.5.10.2
“The compensation shall include
alternate land of equal or greater size or of comparable value. If the
alternate land is of less than comparable value, then additional
compensation shall be provided. The alternate land may be smaller than the
land being expropriated only if that does not result in the First Nation
having less land area than when it adopted gchi-naaknigewin.”
9.3
“Nothing in the final Agreement
shall affect the ability of the First Nation or e-dbendaagzijig to enjoy or
exercise any existing or future constitutional rights of aboriginal peoples
of Canada, or to benefit from any other arrangements or agreements that may
be applicable.”
- Nisga’a Agreement “Canada acknowledges that it is of fundamental importance to maintain the size and integrity of Nisga'a Lands and Nisga'a Fee Simple Lands, and therefore, as a general principle, estates or interests in Nisga'a Lands, or Nisga'a Fee Simple Lands, will not be expropriated under federal legislation.”
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